What Wesley Left Out

~161 words

ungodly  enterprise  to  an  end. 

(1)  The  last  day  of  February,  1538-9,  according  to  Keith,  upon  whose  authority,  in  his  history  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland,  several  of  the  proper  names  in  this  and  the  following  narration  have  been 
corrected. — En. 

(2)  In  Burnet's  History  of  the  Reformation,  London,  1820,  vol  ii.  part  2,  page  371,  is  the  bull 
of  pope  Paul,  constituting  cardinal  Beaton,  archbishop  of  St.  Andrews,  legate  'a  latere'  in  the 
kingdom  of  Scotland. — Ed. 


624 


THE    rERSECUTION     IN    SCOTLAND. 


Scotlish 

JJisloii/. 

A.D. 
1543 

to 
1558. 


Divers 
cast  into 
prison. 


Hanging 
St.  Fran- 
cis in  a 
cord. 


Hunter, 
for  using 
suspect 
company. 


Hellen 
Stirke 
for  calling 
upon  Je- 
sus and 
not  our 
Lady  in 
childbed. 


Ravele- 
son's  for 
setting  up 
a  triple 
crown  of 
St.  Peter. 


After  tlic  deposing  of  the  former  provost,  and  election  of  the  otlier, 
in  the  month  of  January  the  year  aforesaid,  on  St.  PauFs  day,  came  to 
St.  John's-town,  tlic  governor,  the  cardinal,  the  earl  of  Argyle,  justice 
sir  John  Campbell  of  Lundie,  knight,  and  justice  Defort,  the  lord 
Borthwike

~12,434 words

the  truth  by 
her  death.' 

C^e  ConOemnatton  of  naa^tec  <©eor0e  IDi.^efjart,'  <J3cntteman, 

WHO    SUFFERED    MARTYRDOM    FOR    THE    FAITH    OF    CHRIST  JESUS 

AT  ST.  Andrew's  in  Scotland,  a.d.  154-6,  march  the 

FIRST  ;    with    the    articles    OBJECTED     AGAINST 
HIM,    AND    HIS    ANSWERS    TO    THE    SAME. 

With  most  tender  aifection  and  unfeigned  heart  consider,  gentle 
reader,  the  uncharitable  manner  of  the  accusation  of  Master  Georo-e 

(1)  Ex  Regist.  et  instrumentis  4  Scotia  missis.  [The  whole  of  this  account,  and  the  preceding 
one  of  sir  Jolin  Borthwike,  are  extant  in  the  Latin  Edition  of  Foxe's  book  publislied  at  Basle  in 
1559,  pp.  170  to  179.— Ed.] 

(2)  Wishart,  Wisehard,  or  Guiscard. — Ed. 

VOL,   V  S  S 


626  PEHSECLTION    IN    S(;OTl,AXl). 

scofiuh  Wisehart,  made  by  the  bloody  enemies  of  Clirist's  faitli.  Note  also 
ts  orij.  ^j^^  articles  whereof  he  was  accused,  by  order  digested,  and  his  meek 
answers  so  fiir  as  he  had  leave  and  leisure  to  speak.  Finally,  ponder 
with  no  dissembling  spirit  the  furious  rage  and  tragical  cruelness  of 
the  malignant  church,  in  persecuting  of  this  blessed  man  of  God  ; 
and,  on  the  contrary,  his  humble,  patient,  and  most  godly  answers 
made  to  them  suddenly  without  all  fear,  not  having  respect  to  their 
glorious  menacings  and  boisterous  threats,  but  charitably  and  without 
stop  answering,  not  moving  his  countenance,  nor  changing  his  visage, 
as  in  his  accusation  hereafter  following  manifestly  shall  appear. 

But  before  I  enter  into  his  articles,  I  thought  it  not  impertinent 
somewhat  to  touch  concerning  the  life  and  conversation  of  this  godly 
man,  according  as  of  late  it  came  to  my  hands,  and  certified  in  writing 
by  a  certain  scholar  of  his,  some  time  named  Emery  Tylney,  whose 
words  of  testimonial,  as  he  wrote  them  to  me,  here  follow. 

Emery  Tylncy's  Account  of  Master  George  Wisehart. 

About  the  year  of  our  Lord  1543,  there  was,  in  the  university  of  Cambridge, 
one  Master  George  Wisehart,  commonly  called  Master  George  of  Benet'^  col- 
lege, who  was  a  man  of  tall  statm-e,  polled-headed,  and  on  the  same  a  round 
French  cap  of  the  best;  judged  to  be  of  melancholy  complexion  by  his  physio- 
gnomy, black  haired,  long  bearded,  comely  of  personage,  well  spoken  after  his 
country  of  Scotland,  courteous,  lowly,  lovely,  glad  to  teach,  desirous  to  learn, 
and  was  well  travelled ;  having  on  him  for  his  habit  or  clothing,  never  but  a 
mantle  or  frieze  gown  to  the  shoes,  a  black  millian  fustian  doublet,  and  plain 
black  hosen,  coarse  new  canvass  for  his  shirts,  and  white  falling  bands  and  cufis 
at  his  hands.  All  the  which  apparel  he  gave  to  the  poor,  some  weekly,  some 
monthly,  some  quarterly,  as  he  Hked,  saving  his  French  cap,  which  he  kept  the 
whole  year  of  my  being  with  him. 

He  was  a  man  modest,  temperate,  fearing  God,  hating  covetousness  ;  for  his 
chanty  had  never  end,  night,  noon,  nor  day  ;  he  forbare  one  meal  in  three,  one 
day  in  four  for  the  most  part,  except  something  to  comfort  nature.  He  lay 
hard  upon  a  puff  of  straw  and  coarse  new  canvass  sheets,  which,  when  he 
changed,  he  gave  away.  He  had  commonly  by  his  bed-side  a  tub  of  water,  in 
the  which  (his  people  being  in  bed,  the  candle  put  out  and  all  quiet)  he  used 
to  bathe  himself,  as  I,  being  very  young,  being  assured,  often  heard  him,  and, 
in  one  light  night,  discerned  him.  He  loved  me  tenderly,  and  I  him,  for  my 
age,  as  effectually.  He  taught  with  great  modesty  and  gravity,  so  that  some  of 
his  people  thought  him  severe,  and  would  have  slain  him  ;  but  the  Lord  was 
his  defence.  And  he,  after  due  correction  for  their  malice,  by  good  exhorta- 
tion amended  them  and  went  his  way.  Oh  that  the  Lord  had  left  him  to  me,  his 
poor  boy,  that  he  might  have  finished  that  he  had  begun  !  for  in  his  religion  he 
was  as  you  see  here,  in  the  rest  of  his  life,  when  he  went  into  Scotland  with 
divers  of  the  nobility,  that  came  for  a  treaty  to  king  Henry  the  Eighth.  His 
learning  was  no  less  sufficient  than  his  desire ;  always  pressed  and  ready  to  do 
good  in  that  he  was  able,  both  in  the  house  privately,  and  in  the  school  pub- 
licly, professing  and  reading  divers  authors. 

If  I  should  declare  his  love  to  me  and  all  men ;  his  charity  to  the  poor,  in 
giving,  relieving,  caring,  helping,  providing,  yea,  infinitely  studying  how  to  do 
good  unto  all,  and  hurt  to  none,  I  should  sooner  want  words,  than  just  cause  to 
commend  him. 

All  this  I  testify  with  my  whole  heart  and  truth,  of  this  godly  man.  He  that 
made  all,  governeth  all,  and  shall  judge  all,  knoweth  that  I  speak  the  truth,  that 
the  simple  may  be  satisfied,  the  arrogant  confounded,  the  hypocrite  disclosed. 

Tt'Xoc. 
Emery  Tylney. 


A    SERMON    BY    DEAN    JOHX    WINRYME.  6^7 

Dogmata  ejiisdcm  Geor^ii.  scmnsh 

Fides  sola  sine  operibus  justificat.  ■        — 
Opera  ostendunt  et  ostentant  fidem.  ^'  •^• 

Romana  ecclesia  putative  caput  mundi.  154 J 

Lex  canonica  caput  papee.  '■^ 

Missae  ministerium,  mysteriuni  iniquitatis.  ^'^'^^' 

To  the  said  Master  George,  being  in  captivity  in  the  castle  of  St.  wiseimrt 
Andrews,  the  dean  of  the  same  town  Avas  sent  by  the  commandment  ed  out  of 
of  the  cardinal,^  and  by  his  Avicked  counsel,  and  there  summoned  the  apj,\°ar.'° 
said  Master  George,  that  he  should,  upon  the  morning  following, 
appear  before    the  judge,  then  and  there  to  give  account   of  his 
seditious  and  heretical  doctrine.      To  whom  Master  George  thus 
answered : 

Wisehart:   *  What  needeth,'  said  he,  'my  lord  cardinal  to  summon  me  to  His  an- 
answer  for  my  doctrine  openly  before  him,  under  whose  power  and  dominion  I  j^*^"^,'" 
am  thus  straitly  bound  with  irons?     May  not  my  lord  compel  me  to  answer  of  that  sum- 
his  extort  power?  or  believeth  he  that  I  am  unprovided  to  render  account  of  my  m^ned 
doctrine  ?     To  manifest  yourselves  what  men  ye  are,  it  is  well  done  that  ye  "™' 
keep  your  old  ceremonies  and  constitutions  made  by  men.' 

Upon  the  next  morning,  the  lord  cardinal  caused  his  servants  to  wisehart 
address  themselves  in  their  most  warlike  array,  with  jack,^  knapskal,  again*be- 
splent,    spear,    and   axe,    more    seeming  for  the  war,  than  for  the  fore  '^^e 
preaching   of    the   true   word   of  God.      And  when   these   armed 
champions,  marching  in  warlike  order,  had  conveyed  the  bishops  into 
the  abbey  church,  incontinently  they  sent  for  Master  George,  who 
was  conveyed  unto  the  said  church  by  the  captain  of  the  castle, 
accompanied  with  a  hundred  men,  addressed  in  manner  aforesaid. 
Like  a  lamb  led  they  him  to  sacrifice.    As  he  entered  into  the  abbey-  castetn 
church  door,  there  was  a  poor  man  lying,  vexed  with  great  infirmities,  toVp"oM^ 
asking  of  his  alms,  to  whom  he  flung  his  purse.     And  when  he  ™^"- 
came  before  the  lord  cardinal,  by  and  by  the  sub-prior  of  the  abbey, 
called  dean  John  Winryme,  stood  up  in  the  pulpit,  and  made  a  ser- 
mon to  all  the  congregation  there  then  assembled,  taking  his  matter 
out  of  Matthew  xiii. 

BRIEF    ACCOUNT    OF    THE    SERMON    OF    DEAN    JOHN    WINRYME. 

The  sei-mon  was  divided  into  four  principal  parts.     The  first  part  was  a  brief 
and  short  declaration  of  the  evangelist.     The  second  part,  of  the  interpretation 
of  the  good  seed.     And  because  he  called  the  word  of  God  the  good  seed,  and 
heresy  the  evil  seed,  he  declared  what  heresy  was,  and  how  it  should  be  known  ;  Heresy 
which  he  defined  on  this  manner  :  Heresy  is  a  false  opinion  defended  with  per-  defined, 
tinacy,  clearly  repugning  the  word  of  God. 

The  third  part  of  the  sermon  was,  the  cause  of  heresy  within  that  realm,  and  The  cause 
all  other  realms.  •  The  cause  of  heresy,'  quoth  he,  'is  the  ignorance  of  them  of ''^■'^^y- 
that  have  the  cures  of  men's  souls :  to  whom  it  necessarily  belongeth  to  have 
the  true  understanding  of  the  word  of  God,  that  they  may  be  able  to  win  again 
the  false  doctors  of  heresies,  with  the  sword  of  the  Spirit,  which  is  the  word  of 
God ;  and  not  only  to  win  again,  but  also  to  overcome  them,  as  saith  Paul : 
A  bishop  must  be  faultless,  as  it  becometh  the  minister  of  God,  not  stubborn,  nor 
angry ;  no  drunkard,  no  fighter,  nor  given  to  filthy  lucre,  but  harbsurous ;  one 
that  loveth  goodness ;  sober-minded,  righteous,  holy,  temperate,  and  such  as 
cleaveth  unto  the  true  word  of  doctrine ;  that  he  may  be  able  to  exhort  with 
wholesome  learning,  and  to  disprove  that  which  they  say  against  him.^ 

(1)  Here  commences  Foxe's  reprint  of  the  pamphlet  referred  to  in  the  note  on  p.  636.  —Ed. 

(2)  Jack,  a  leathern  vessel  for  carrying  water.— Ei>.  (3)  Tit.  i. 

s  s  2 


1543 
to 


G28  PEKSECUTIOX    IX    SCOTLAND. 

Scntiis/i        The  tbiirtli  jiai-t  of  liis  sermon  was, liow  heresies  should  be  known.     '  Heresy,' 

Uhiory.   quoth  he,   'be  known  after  this  manner:  as  the  goldsmith  knoweth  the  line 

~7    77"  gold  from  the  un])erfect,  by  the  touchstone,  so  likewise  may  we  know  heresy  by 

■    the  undoubted  touchstone ;  that  is,  the  true,  sincere  and  undefiled  word  of  God.' 

At  last,  he  added,  that  heretics  should  be  put  down   in  this  present  life  :  to 

which  proposition  the  gospel  a])peared  to  repugn,  which  he  treated  of.     'Let 

them  grow  unto  the  harvest.'  The  harvest  is  the  end  of  the  world.    Nevertheless, 

he  afiirmed  that  they  should  be  put  down  by  the  civil  magistrate  and  law. 


THE    EXAMINATION    OF    MASTER    GEORGE    WISEHART. 

And  when  lie  ended  his  sermon,  incontinently  they  caused  Master 

George  to  ascend  into  the  pulpit,  there  to  hear  his  accusation  and 

articles.     And  right  against  him  stood  up  one  of  the  fed  flock,  a 

JohnLau-  iiionstcr,  Jolm  Lauder,  laden  full  of  cursings  written  in  paper.     Of 

jr  accu-  ^i^ggg  jjg  j^qq|.  q^^^  ^  j.^||^  both  loug  and  also  full  of  cursings,  threats, 

maledictions,  and  words  of  devilish  spite  and  malice,  saying  to  the 

innocent  Master  George  so  many  cruel  and  abominable  words,  and 

hitting  him  so  spitefully  with  the  pope's  thunder,  that  the  ignorant 

people  dreaded  lest  the  earth  then  would  have  swallowed  him  up  quick. 

The  way   Notwitlistandiuof  Master  Geors^e  stood  still  with  gi-cat  patience,  hear- 

to  fear  tlie  .  .  .  •  .  .  ^ 

iiinoraiit.  iug  their  sayings,  not  once  moving  or  changing  his  countenance. 
Fruits  of  When  that  this  fed  sow  had  read  throughout  all  his  lying 
Jity.'^'"'''^' menacings,  his  face  running  down  Avith  sweat,  and  frothing  at  the 
mouth  like  a  boar,  he  spit  at  Master  George''s  face,  saying,  "  What 
answerest  thou  to  these  sayings,  thou  runnagate !  traitor!  thief! 
which  we  have  duly  proved  by  sufficient  witness  against  thee.''" 
Master  George,  hearing  this,  kneeled  down  upon  his  knees  in  the 
pulpit,  making  his  prayer  to  God.  AVhen  he  had  ended  his  prayer, 
sweetly  and  christianly  he  answered  to  them  all  in  this  manner : 


Master  George  Wisehart :  '  Many  and  horrible  sayings  unto  me  a  christian 
man,  many  woi-ds  abominable  to  hear,  ye  have  spoken  here  this  day,  which 
not  only  to  receive,  but  also  once  to  think,  I  thought  ever  great  abomination. 
Wherefore  I  pray  j'our  discretions  quietly  to  hear  me,  that  ye  may  know  what 
were  my  sayings  and  the  manner  of  my  doctrine. 
Three  '  This  my  petition,  my  lords,  I  desire  to  be  heard  for  three  causes.     The  first 

causes       is,  because,  through  preaching  of  the  word  of  God,  his  glory  is  made  manifest. 
Wisiiiart  ^^  ^^  reasonable  therefore,  for  the  advancing  of  the  glory  of  God,  that  ye  hear 
desired  to  me,  teaching  truly  the  pure  word  of  God,  without  any  dissimulation, 
be  heard.        'The  second  reason  is,  because  that  your  health  springeth  of  the  word  of 
God  ;    for  he   worketh  all  things  by   his  word.     It  were,  therefore,   an    un- 
righteous thing,  if  ye  should  stop  your  ears  from  me,  teaching  truly  the  word 
of  God. 

'  The  third  reason  is,  because  your  doctrine  uttereth  many  blasphemous  and 
abominable  words,  not  coming  of  the  inspiration  of  God,  but  of  the  devil,  with 
no  less  peril  than  of  my  life.  It  is  just,  therefore,  and  reasonable,  that  your  dis- 
cretions should  know  what  my  words  and  doctrine  are,  and  what  I  have  ever 
taught  in  my  time  in  this  realm,  that  I  perish  not  unjustly,  to  tlie  great  peril  of 
your  souls.  Wherefore,  both  for  the  glory  and  honour  of  God,  your  own  health, 
and  safeguard  of  my  life,  I  beseech  your  discretions  to  hear  me ;  and,  in  the 
mean  time,  I  shall  recite  my  doctrine  without  any  colour. 
Wise-  '  First  and  chietly,  since  the  time  I  came  into  this  realm  I  taught  nothing 

J}*'''''!        but  the  ten  Commandments  of  God,  the  twelve  Articles  of  the  Faith,  and  the 
°cirme.    pj..^^^^.  ^^  ^|^g  Y,ori\  in  the  mother  tongue.     Moreover  in  Dundee,  I  taught  the 
Epistle  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Ronuuis.     And  I  sliall  show  your  discretions  faith- 
fully, what  fashion  and  manner   I  used  when  I  taught,  without  any  human 
dread,  so  that  your  discretions  give  me  your  ears  benevolent  and  attent.' 


GEORGE    WISEHART's    EXAMINATION.  62.9 

Suddenly  then,  with  a  high  voice  cried  the  accuser,  the  fed  sow,  scntiisii. 

'Thou  heretic,  runnagate,  traitor,  and  thief!  it  was  not  lawi'ul  for  "'  ""■'' 

thee  to  preach.     Thou  hast  taken  the  power  at  thine  own  hand,  A.  D. 

without  any  authority  of  the  church.     We  forethink  that  thou  hast  ^^^^ 

been  a  preacher  too  long,'  j^^^^ 

Then  all  the  whole  congregation  of  the  prelates,  with  their  cora- 


Xhe  cry 


])lices,  said  these  words ;  "  If  we  give  him  license  to  preach,  he  is  so  of 'the 
crafty,  and  in  the  holy  Scriptures  so  exercised,  that  he  will  persuade  ^"j'"'"^^ 
the  people  to  his  opinion,  and  raise  them  against  us."  risees. 

Master  George,  seeing  their  malicious  and  wicked  intent,  appealed  wisehart 
from  the  lord  cardinal  to  the  lord  governor,  as  to  an  indifferent  and  ^o  the'go- 
equal  judge.     To  whom  the  accuser,  John  Lauder  aforesaid,  with  pernor, 
hoggish  voice  answered,  "  Is  not  my  lord  cardinal  the  second  person 
within  this  realm,  chancellor  of  Scotland,  archbishop  of  St.  Andrews, 
bishop  of  Mirepois,'  commendator  of  Aberbroshok,^  legatus  natus,  andtltLs 
legatus  a  latere  ?"     And  so,  reciting  as  many  titles  of  his  unworthy  °[^!j^^ 
honours  as  wovdd  have  laden  a  ship,  much  sooner  an  ass,   "Is  not  bishop  of 
he,"  quoth  John  Lauder,  "an   equal  judge  apparently  unto  thee .'' drews! 
Whom  else  desirest  thou  to  be  thy  judge  ?" 

To  whom  this  humble  man,  answering,   said  thus  : 

Wisehaft:  '  I  refuse  not  my  lord  cardinal,  but  I  desire  the  word  of  God 
to  hi  my  judge,  and  the  temporal  estate,  with  some  of  your  lordships  mine 
auditors,  because  I  am  here  my  lord  governor's  prisonei'.' 

Hereupon  the  pridcful  and  scornful  people  that  stood  by  mocked  The 
him,  saying,"  Such  man,  such  judge!"  speaking  seditious  and  reproach-  the  people 
ful  words  against  the  governor  and  other  the  nobles ;  meaning  them,  the'go- 
also,  to  be  heretics.     And  incontinent,  without  all  delay,  they  would  vernor. 
have  given  sentence  upon  Master  George,  and  that  without  further 
process,  had  not  certain  men  there  counselled  the  cardinal  to  read 
again  the  articles,  and  to  hear  his  answers  thereupon,  that  the  people 
might  not  complain  of  his  wrongful  condemnation. 

And  shortly  to  declare,  these  were  the  articles  following,  with  his 
answers,  as  far  as  they  would  give  him  leave  to  speak :  for  when  he 
intended  to  mitigate  their  leasings,  and  to  show  the  manner  of  his 
doctrine,  by  and  by  they  stopped  his  mouth  with  another  article. 

First  Article.  '  Thou  false  heretic,  runnagate,  traitor,  and  thief,  deceiver  of  Article. 
the  people !  thou  despiscst  the  holy  church's,  and  in  like  case  contemnest  my 
lord  governor's  authority.  And  this  we  know  for  surety,  that  when  tliou 
preachedst  in  Dundee,  and  wast  charged  by  my  lord  governor's  authority  to 
desist,  nevertheless  thou  wouldst  not  obey,  but  perseveredst  in  the  same ;  and 
therefore  the  bishop  of  Brechin  cursed  thee,  and  delivered  thee  into  the  devil's 
hands,  and  gave  thee  in  commandment  that  thou  shouldst  preach  no  more. 
Yet  notwithstanding  thou  didst  continue  obstinately.' 

Wisehart :  '  My  lords  I   I  have  read  in  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  that  it  is  not  Answer, 
lawful  to  desist  from  the  preaching  of  the  gospel  for  the  threats  and  menaces  of 
men.     Therefore  it  is  written,  We  shall  rather  obey  God  than  man.*     I  have 
also  read  in  Malachi,   I  shall  curse  your  blessings,  and  bless  your  cui'sings, 
saith  the  Lord:*  believing  firmly,  that  he  will  turn  your  cursings  into  blessings.' 

(1)  '  Mirepoix  in  the  province  of  Languedoc,  to  which  he  was  consecrated  on  the  5th  of  Decem- 
ber, 15.i7;  and  so  I  find  hira  styled  at  liome  here,   '  Admin istratoris  Episcopatus  Mirapicen,  ill 

Gallia.'     See  Keith's  Scottish  Bishops,  p.  23. — Ed. 

(2)  '  Aherbroshok,'  now  Arbroath.  — Ed.  (3)  Acts  v.  (4)  Mai.  ii. 


630 


PERSECUTION    IN    SCOTLAND. 


A.D. 
1543 

to 
1558. 


Scottish        II.  'Thou,  false  heretic!  didst  say,  that  the  priest,  standing  at  tlie  altar, 

History,  saying  mass,  was  like  a  fox  wagging  his  tail  in  July.' 

Wisehart :  'My  lords!  I  said  not  so.  These  were  my  sayings  :  The  moving 
of  the  hody  outward,  without  the  inward  moving  of  the  heart,  is  nought  else  hut 
the  playing  of  an  ape,  and  not  the  true  serving  of  God.  For  God  is  a  secret 
searcher  of  men's  hearts :  therefore,  who  will  truly  adore  and  honour  God,  he 
must  in  spirit  and  verity  honour  him.' 

Then  the  accuser  stopped  his  mouth  with  another  article. 

III.  '  Thou,  false  heretic  !  preachedst  against  the  sacraments,  saying,  that 
thei'e  were  not  seven  sacraments.' 

JVisehart :  '  My  lords !  if  it  be  your  pleasures,  I  never  taught  of  the  number 
of  the  sacraments,  whether  they  wei-e  seven  or  eleven.  So  many  as  are  insti- 
tuted by  Christ,  and  are  showed  to  us  by  the  evangely,  I  profess  openly.  Except 
it  be  the  word  of  God,  I  dare  affirm  nothing.' 


Of  tlie  se- 
ven sacra- 
ments. 

Article. 


IV.  '  Thou,  false  heretic  !  hast  openly  taught,  that  auricular  confession  is  not 

a  blessed  sacrament.     And  thou  sayest,  that  we  should  only  confess  us  to  God, 

and  to  no  priest.' 

Answer.         Wisehart :  'My  lords!  I  say,  that  auricular  confession,  seeing  that  it  hath  no 

Confes-      promise  of  the  evangely,  therefore  it  cannot  be  a  sacrament.     Of  the  confession 

sion,  what  {.o  be  made  to  God,  there  are  many  testimonies  in  Scripture,  as  when  David 

to  whom    saith,  I  thought  I  would  acknowledge  mine  iniquity  against  myself  unto  the 

made.        Lord,  and  he  forgave  the  punishment  of  my  sin.i     Here  confession  signifieth 

the  secret  acknowledging  of  our  sins  before  God.  When  I  exhorted  the  people  in 

this  manner,  I  reproved  no  manner  of  confession.  And  further  St.  James  saith, 

Acknowledge  your  faults  one  to  another,  and  pray  one  for  another,  that  you  may 

be  healed. '- 


When  he  had  said  these  words,  the  bishops  and  their  complices 
cried,  and  grinned  with  their  teeth,  saying,  "  See  ye  not  what  colours 
he  hath  in  his  speaking,  that  he  may  beguile  us  and  seduce  us  to  his 
opinion  ?"" 

Article.  V.  'Thou  heretic  didst  say  openly,  that  it  was  necessary  to  every  man  to 

know  and  understand  his  baptism,  and  what  it  was :  contrary  to  general  coun- 
cils and  the  estate  of  the  holy  church.' 
Answer.  Wisehart :  '  My  lords  !  I  believe  there  be  none  so  unwise  here,  that  will 
Baptism  make  merchandise  with  a  Frenchman,  or  any  other  unknown  stranger,  except 
how  ne-  )^g  know  and  understand  first  the  condition  or  promise  made  by  the  Frenchman 
i^slcfbe  '  or  stranger.  So  likewise  I  would  that  we  understood  what  thing  we  promise  in 
known  the  name  of  the  infant  unto  God  in  baptism.  For  this  cause  I  believe  ye  have 
ofallmeD.  confinnation.' 

Then  said  Master  Blecter,  chaplain,  that  he  had  the  devil  within 
him,  and  the  spirit  of  error.  Then  answered  him  a  child,^  saying, 
"  The  devil  cannot  speak  such  words  as  yonder  man  doth  speak." 

Article.  VI.  '  Thou  heretic,  traitor,  and  thief !  thou  saidst,  that  the  sacrament  of  the  altar 
was  but  a  piece  of  bread  baked  upon  the  ashes,  and  no  other  thing  else;  and 
that  all  that  is  there  done,  is  but  a  superstitious  rite,  against  the  commandment 
of  God.' 

Wisehart :  '  O  Lord  God !  so  manifest  lies  and  blasphemies  the  Scripture 
doth  not  teach  you.  As  concerning  the  sacrament  of  the  altar,  my  lords !  I 
never  taught  any  thing  against  the  Scripture ;  which  I  shall,  by  God's  grace, 
make  manifest  this  day,  I  being  therefore  ready  to  suffer  death. 

'  The  lawful  use  of  the  sacrament  is  most  acceptable  unto  God ;  but  the  great 
abuse  of  it  is  very  detestable  unto  him.  But  what  occasion  they  have  to  say 
such  words  of  me,  I  shall  shortly  show  your  lordships.  I  once  chanced  to 
meet  with  a  Jew,  when  I  was  sailing  on  the  water  of  Rhine.     I  did  inquire  of 


Answer. 
The  pa- 
pists re- 
proved for 
liars  and 
misre- 
porters. 


(1;  Psalm  .\xxii. 


(2)  James  v. 


(3)  '  Ex  ore  infantium. 


GEORGE    WISEHAirr's    EXAMINATION.  631 

him  what  was  the  cause  of  his  pertinacity,  tliat  he  did  not  believe  tliat  the  true    Scottish 
Messias  was  come,  considering  that  they  had  seen  all  the  prophecies  whicli   tn^iury. 
were  spoken  of  him  to  be  fulfilled.     Moreover,  by  the  prophecies  taken  away,     ^   y) 
and  the  sceptre  of  Judah,  and  by  many  other  testimonies  of  the  Scripture,  I     1543 
vanquished  him,  and  proved  that  Messias  was  come,  whom  they  called  Jesus        ^^ 
of  Nazareth.     This  Jew  answered  again  unto  me,  When  Messias  cometh,  he     1558 

shall  restore  all  things ;  and  he  shall  not  abrogate  the  law,  which  was  given  to  

our  forefathers,  as  ye  do.     For  why  ?  we  see  the  poor  almost  perish  through  ^''^  ^*'"'y 
hunger  amongst  you;  yet  you  are  not  moved  with  pity  toward  them:  but, 
amongst  us  Jews,  though  we  be  poor,  there  are  no  beggars  found.' 

'  Secondly,  it  is  forbidden  by  the  law  to  feign  any  kind  of  imagery  of  things  images, 
in  heaven  above,  or  in  the  earth  beneath,  or  in  the  sea  under  the  earth ;  but  one 
God  only  is  to  be  honoured :  but  your  sanctuaries  and  churches  are  full  of  idols.' 

'  Thirdly,  a  piece  of  bread  baken  upon  the  ashes  ye  adore  and  worship,  and  The  sa- 
say,  that  it  is  your  God.— I  have  rehearsed  here  but  the  sayings  of  the  Jew,  crament 
which  I  never  affirmed  to  be  true.'     Then  the  bishops  shook  their  heads,  and  "^^   ^^" 
spitted  on  the  earth,  and  what  I   meant  further  in   this  matter  they  would 
not  hear. 

VII.  '  Thou,    false   heretic !    didst   say,    that   extreme   unction   was  not  a  Article, 
sacrament.' 

Wisehart :  '  My  lords  !  forsooth,  I  never  taught  any  thing  of  extreme  unction  Answer, 
in  my  doctrine,  whether  it  were  a  sacrament  or  no.' 

VIII.  •  Tlrou,  false  heretic!  saidst,  that  holy  water  is  not  so  good  as  wash,  Article, 
and  such  like.     Thou  condemnest  conjuring,  and  saidst,  holy  church's  cursings 
avail  not.' 

Wisehart :  '  My  lords  !  as  for  holy  water  what  strength  it  is  of,  I  taught  never  Answer. 
in  my  doctrine.  Conjurings,  and  exorcisms,  if  they  were  conformable  to  the  word 
of  God  I  would  commend  them ;  but,  insomuch  as  they  are  not  conformable  to 
the  commandment  and  word  of  God,  I  reprove  them.' 

IX.  '  Thou,  false  heretic  and  runnagate  !  hast  said,  that  every  layman  is  a  Article, 
priest,  and  such  like.     Thou  saidst,  that  the  pope  hath  no  more  power,  than 

any  other  man.' 

Wisehart :  '  My  lords  !  I  taught  nothing  but  the  word  of  God.     I  remember  Answer, 
that  I  have  read  in  some  places  in  St.  John  and  St.  Peter,  of  the  which  the  one 
saith.  He  hath  made  us  kings  and  priests ;  the  other  saith,  He  hath  made  us  a 
kingly  priesthood.'     Wherefore  I  have  affirmed,  that  any  man,  being  cunning  in 
the  word  of  God,  and  the  true  faith  of  Jesu  Christ,  hath  his  power  given  him 
of  God

Cut continues beyond the first 4,000 words shown here — about 8,434 more in the scan at the link above.

~191 words

they  were  heresy  ;  but  he,  continuing  in  the  truth  even  unto  the  end, 

despised  their  threatenings  and  hiir  promises. 

conci-  Then   assembled   together  the  bishops  of  St.  Andrews,    Moray, 

i'"m^*"  Brechin,  Caithness,  and  Athens,^  the  abbots  of  Dunfermling,  Lin- 

tiuin.       dorcs,  Balindrinot,^  and  Cowpers,*  with  doctors  of  theology  of  St. 

(1)  This  Winram  is  now  become  a  godly  minister  in  the  church  of  God,  and  a  married  man. 

(2)  Ex  testiin.  e  Scotia  allato. 

(3)  '  Athens.'  The  pope  had  conferred  on  Alexander  Gordon  the  empty  title  of  archbishop  of 
Athens,  accompanied  by  a  promise  of  the  next  vacant  see,  in  consequence  of  Gordon's  nomination 
to  the  see  of  Glasgow  having  been  over-ruled  by  the  court  of  Rome,  about  the  year  1547.  Gordon 
was  made  bishop  of  the  Isles  in  1553,  and  translated  from  thence  to  GaIlo%vay  about  the  year  1558  ; 
but  '  he  .ilways  retained  the  title  of  archbishop  of  Athens.'— See  Keith's  Scottish  Bishops  (■Ito 
Edin.  1755),  p.  175;  also  p.  Itifi.— Ed. 

(4)  '  Balindrinot.'  Balmerino.  (5)  '  Cowpers.' Coupar  or  Cupar.— Eu. 


THE    EXAMINATION    OF    WALTER    MILLE.  645 

Andrews;    as  John  Grison,  black  friar,  and  dean  Jolm  Winryme,   scotusit. 

sub-prior  of  St.  Andrews,  William  Cranston,  provost  of  the  old  col-  ■ '- 

lege,  with   divers  others,   as  sundry  friars  black  and  grey.     These    r;V^' 

being

~273 words

you  omitted 
one  of  them,  to  wit,  marriage,  and  give  yourselves  to  slanderous  and  ungodly 
whoredom?' 

OUphant : — '  Thou  art  against  the  blessed  sacrament  of  the  altar,  and  sayest, 
that  the  mass  is  wrong,  and  is  idolatry.' 

Mille  : — '  A  lord  or  a  king  sendeth  and  calleth  many  to  a  dinner ;  and  when  A  simili- 
the  dinner  is  in  readiness,  he  causeth  to  ring  the  bell,  and  the  men  come  to  the  t"de  aptly 
hall,  and  sit  down  to  be  partakers  of  the  dinner  ;  but  the  Lord,  turning  his  back      '  "^ 
mi  to  them,  eateth  all  himself,  and  mocketh  them : — so  do  ye.' 

OUphant : — '  Thou  deniest  the  sacrament  of  the  altar  to  be  the  very  body  of 
Christ  really  in  flesh  and  blood.' 

3Iille  : — '  The  Scripture  of  God  is  not  to  be  taken  carnally,  but  spiritually.  The 
and  standeth  in  faith  only.      And  as  for  the  mass,  it  is  wrong,  for  Christ  was  ^^"ifice 
once  oiFered  on  the  cross  for  man's  trespass,  and  will  never  be  offered  again,  for  mass, 
then  he  ended  all  sacrifice.' 

OUphant : — '  Thou  deniest  the  office  of  a  bishop.' 

Mille  : — '  I  affii'm  that  they  whom  ye  call  bishops,  do  no  bishop's  works,  nor  Bishops, 
use  the  office  of  bishops,  as  Paul  biddeth,  writing  to  Timothy,  but  live  after  "P 
their  own  sensual  pleasm-e,  and  take  no  care  of  the  flock ;  nor  yet  regard  they    '^  °^^' 
the  word  of  God,  but  desire  to  be  honoured,  and  called  '  my  lords.'  ' 

OUphant : — '  Thou  speakest  against  pilgrimage,  and  callest  it  a  pilgrimage  to 
whoredom.' 

Mille  : — ■'  I  affirm  and  say,  that  it  is  not  commanded  in  the  Scripture;  and 


646  PEltSECUTION    IN    SCOTLAND. 

Scotiith   that  there  is  no  greater  whoredom  in  any  place,  than  at  your  pilgrimages, 
History,   except  it  be  in  common  brothels.' 

A   r)  OUphant : — '  Thou  preachedst  secretly  and

~1,723 words

cathedral  church  of  St.  Paul  in  London,  and  to  the  other 
ministers  there,  and  every  of  them,  do  send  greeting.  And  whereas  it  is  so, 
that  of  late  I  have  received  the  said  sovereign  lord  the  king's  majesty's  letters, 
of  such  tenor  as  is  hereunto  annexed,  and,  according  to  my  most  bounden  duty, 
am  right  well  willing  and  desiring,'  that  the  said  letters  shoidd  be  in  all  points 
duly  executed  and  observed,  according  to  the  tenor  and  purport  of  the  same,  as 
appertaineth :  these  therefore  are  to  require,  and  also  straitly  to  charge  you, 
and  every  of  j'ou,  on  his  majesty's  behalf,  &c.,  that  you  do  admonish  and  com- 
mand, or  cause  to  be  admonished  or  commanded,  all  and  singular  parsons, 
vicars  and  curates  of  your  jurisdiction,  to  observe  and  accomplish  the  same 
from  time  to  time  accordingly :  furthermore  requiring  and  likewise  charging 
you,  and  every  of  you,  to  make  certificate  herein  to  me,  my  chancellor,  or 
others,  my  officers  in  this  behalf,  with  such  convenient  celerity  as  appertaineth, 
both  of  your  proceedings  in  the  execution  hereof,  and  also  the  persons  and 
names  of  all  such  as,  from  henceforth,  shall  be  found  negligent  in  doing  their 
duties  in  the  premises,  or  any  of  them. 

Given  at  my  house  at  Fulham,  the  26th  of  July,  ad.  1.549,  and  in  the 
third  year  of  our  said  sovereign  lord  the  king's  majesty's  reign. 

Moreover,  forasmuch  as    the  king,  at   that  instant,  hearing  the  slackness 
muttering  of  certain  rebellion  then  stirring  (whereof  more  shall  be  hi  iu°r""*''^ 
said,  the  Lord  willing,  hereafter),  and  also  being  credibly  informed  ^0^,"",^- 
by  divers,  that,  through  the  evil  example,  slackness  of  preaching  and  feedings. 
administering  the   sacraments,    and    careless    contem])t   of  Bonner, 
bishop  of  London,  not  only  many  of  the  people  within  the  city  of 
London,  and  other  places  of  his  diocese,  were  very  negligent  and 
forgetful  of  their  duties  to  God,  in  frequenting  the  divine  service 
then   established  and  set  forth   by  the  authority  of  parliament,  but 
also,  that  divers  others,  utterly  despising  the  same,  did  in   secret  Popisi, 
places   of  his  diocese,   often  frequent  the  popish  mass,  and    other  ™f'*y^,"' 
foreign  rites  not  allowed  by  the  laws  of  this  realm,  he  thought  it  quemed. 

(1)  If  you  were  so  'well  -willing  then  and  desiring'  as  you  say,  where  is  this  well  willing  and 
desiring  mind  now?  U'ye  did  it  then  against  your  conscience,  how  were  ye  then  so  well  willing  ? 
If  ye  did  it  with  your  conscience,  why  then  burnt  ye  men  in  queen  Mary's  time,  for  that  which,  in 
king  Edward's  time,  ye  did  yourself?     [See  Edition  1563,  p.  692.— Ed.] 


ns 


nONXEK    SUMMONED    BEFOUE    THE    COUNCIL. 


Edward  tliCTcforc  goo(l  (liaviiig  thci'cby  just  cause  to  suspect  his  former  dis- 

'- —  sembliiig  doublencss)  to  appoint  the  h^rd  protector  and  the  rest  of  his 

A-D.   privy  council  to  call  the  said  bishop  before  them,  and  according  td 
their  wise  and  discreet  judgments,  to  deal  with  him  for  the  same. 


ciueTbe-  Whereupon,  the  11th  day  of  August,  a.d.  1549,  tlicy  sent  a 
fore  the  mcsscnger  for  him,  and,  upon  his  appearance,  made  first  declaration 
counti .  ^^  g^^^i^  informations  and  complaints  as  had  been  heretofore  made 
against  him.  And  then,  after  sharp  admonitions  and  reproofs  for  his 
evil  demeanours  in  the  premises,  they  delivered  unto  him  from  tliL 
king  (for  his  better  refaiination  and  amendment)  certain  private 
injunctions,  to  be  necessarily  followed  and  observed  of  himself. 
And  Avhereas,  in  the  first  branch  of  the  said  injunctions,  he  Avas  per- 
sonally assigned  to  preach  at  PauFs  cross  the  Sunday  three  weclxs 
then  next  ensuing  (because  both  the  dangerous  and  fickle  estate  ol 
the  time,  and  also  partly  his  own  suspicious  behaviour  so  required), 
they  further  delivered  unto  him,  in  writing,  such  articles  to  treat 
upon  in  his  sermon,  as  they  thought  then  most  meet  and  necessary 
for  the  time  and  causes  aforesaid ;  *who,*  for'  his  not  satisfying  his 
duty  therein,  w^as  denounced  and  arraigned  before  the  king's  commis- 
sioners, at  length  imprisoned,  and  also  deprived  :  the  process  whereof, 
how  he  behaved  himself  before  the  judges,  what  his  cause  was,  and 
his  answers  therein,  Anth  his  repeals,  recusations,  appellations,  and 
other  circumstances,  and  blind  shifts  concerning  the  same,  here  also 
follow  hereunto  to  be  annexed :  wherein  whoso  listeth  to  know  Bon- 
ner, who  never  saw  him  before,  here,  by  his  doings,  may  easily  under- 
stand the  nature  and  disposition  of  the  man.  Such  stoutness  of 
heart  and  Avill,  if  it  had  been  in  a  cause  true  and  rightful,  might, 
percase,  be  sufFerable :  but  in  what  cause  soever  it  be,  being  immode- 
rate, beseemeth  no  man,  much  less  one  of  that  vocation.  If  his 
cause  were  good,  Avhy  did  he  not  take  the  wrong  patiently,  as  the 
true  canon  law  of  the  gospel  did  lead  him  ?  If  it  Avere  (as  it  was 
indeed),  naught  and  Avrong,  Avhereto  served  so  bold,  sturdy  stout- 
ness, but  to  show  the  impudcncy  of  the  person,  and  to  make  the 
cause  Avorse  ? 

But,  belike,  he  was  so  disposed  to  declare,  if  need  Avere,  Avhat  he 
Avas  able  to  do  in  the  laAV,  in  shifting  of  the  matter  by  subtle  dilatories 
and  frivolous  cavilling  about  the  laAv ;  and,  if  that  Avould  not  help, 
yet  with  facing  and  brazing,  and  railing  upon  his  denouncers,  Avith 
furious  Avords  and  irreverent  behaviour  toAvards  the  king"'s  commis- 
sioners, he  thought  to  countenance  out  the  matter  before  the  people, 
that  something  might  seem  yet  to  be  in  him,  Avhatever  Averc  in  the 
cause.  But,  as  the  common  saying  goeth,  "  as  good  never  a  Avhit, 
as  never  the  better,"  for  all  his  crafty  cautels  and  tergiversations 
alleged  out  of  the  law,  yet  neither  his  cause  could  be  defended,  nor 
liis  behaviour  so  excused,  but  that  he  Avas,  therefore,  both  justly  im- 
prisoned and  deprived ;  as  by  the  process  hereof  may  Avell  appear 
to  the  reader.* 

All  the  aforesaid  injunctions  and  articles,  for  the  further  mani- 
festation thereof,  I  have  here  inserted  as  followeth  : 

(1)  See  Edition  1jG3,  pp.  GU2,  603.— Ed. 


ARTICLES    APPOINTED    FOR    BONXER    TO    TREAT    OF.  729 

Certain  private   Injunctions,  Admonitions,  and   Articles  given   to  ^''^™'''^ 
Bonner  by  the  Privy  Council.  ~&~n~ 

Forasmuch  as  we  are  advertised  that,  amongst  other  disorders  of  our  suhjccts    151!). 

at  this  present,  there  be  divers  of  our  city  of  London,  and  other  jilaces  within  

your  diocese,  which,  being  very  negligent  and  forgetful  of  their  duty  to  Al- 
mighty God,  of  whom  all  good  things  are  to  be  looked  for,  do  assemble  them- 
selves very  seldom,  and  fewer  times  than  they  were  heretofore  accustomed, 
imto  Common  Prayer,  and  to  the  Holy  Communion,  being  now  a  time  whenfit 
were  more  needful,  with  heart  and  mind,  to  pray  to  ourheavcnlj'  Father  for  his 
aid  and  succour ;  whereof  as  we  be  right  sorry,  so  we  do  understand  that,  through 
your  evil  example,  and  the  slackness  of  your  preaching  and  instructing  of  our 
said  people  to  do  their  duties,  this  offence  to  God  is  most  generally  committed. 
For  whereas  hei-etofore,  upon  all  principal  feasts,  and  such  as  were  called  '  majus  Donner 
duplex,'  you  yoiu'self  were  wont  to  execute  in  person,  now,  since  the  time  that  refraineth 
we,  by  the  advice  of  our  whole  parliament,  have  set  a  most  godly  and  devout  cufg'aii 
order  in  our  church  of  England  and  Ireland,  ye  have  very  seldom  or  never  principal 
executed  upon  such  or  other  days ;  to  the  contempt  of  our  proceedings  and  evil  ^^''^^^^f 
example  of  others.     And,  forasmuch  as  it  is  also  brought  to  our  knowledge,  that  to  ins*  ^ 
divers  as  well  in  London,  as  in  other  places  of  your  diocese,  do  frequent  and  wonted 
haunt  foreign  rites  and  masses,  and  such  as  be  not  allowed  by  the  orders  of  our  "^''"'"'^'■• 
realm,  and  contemn  and  forbear  to  praise  and  laud  God,  and  pray  unto  his  slackness 
majesty,  after  such  rites  and  ceremonies  as,  in  this  i-ealm,  are  approved  and  set  in  his 
out  by  our  autliority ;  and  further,  that  adultery  and  fornication  are  maintained  '^y'^'  ^^^ 
and  kept  openly  and  commonly  in  the  said  city  of  London  and  other  places  of  tempt  of 
your  diocese,  whereby  the  wrath  of  God  is  provoked  against  our  people ;  of  the  public 
which  things  you,  being  heretofore  admonished,  yet  hitherto  have  made  no  *^^' 
redress,  as  to  the  pastoral  office,  authority,  and  cure  of  a  bishop  doth  appertain  : 
we,  therefore,  to  whom  the  supreme  cure  and  charge  of  this  church  doth  apper- 
tain, to  avoid  from  us  the  high  indignation  of  Almighty  God,  by  the  advice  of 
our  most  entirely  beloved  uncle  the  lord  protector,  and  the  I'est  of  our  privy 
council,  have  thought  it  no  less  than  our  most  bounden  duty,  now  at  this  pre- 
sent, and  eftsoons  peremptorily,  to  admonish,  charge,  and  warn  j'ou,  that  you 
do  most  straightly  look  upon  the  premises,  and  see  them  so  reformed  that  there 
may  appear  no  negligence  on  your  behalf;  upon  such  pain  as,  by  our  laws 
ecclesiastical  and  temporal,  we  may  inflict  upon  you,  unto  deprivation  or  other- 
wise, as  shall  seem  to  us,  for  quality  of  tlie  offence,  reasonable.     And  to  the 
intent  you  should  the  better  see  to  the  reformation  of  the  said  abuses,  we  have 
thought  good  to  give  you  these  injunctions  following : 

First,  ye  shall  preach  at  Paul's  Cross  in  London,  in  proper  person,  the  Sun-  Bonner 
day  after  the  date  hereof  three  weeks,  and  in  the  same  sermon  declare  and  set  '">'.''""- 
forth  the  articles  hereunto  annexed ;  and  ye  shall  preach  hereafter  once  every  preach 
quarter  of  the  year  there,  exhorting,  in  your  sermon,  the  people  to  obedience,  i^very 
prayer,  and  godly  living ;  and  ye  shall  be  present  at  every  sermon  hereafter  p" u'i^^'^  ** 
made  at  Paul's  Cross,  if  sickness,  or  some  other  reasonable  cause,  do  not  let  you.  cross. 

Secondly,  You  yourself,  in  person,  shall  from  henceforth  every  day  which 
heretofore  was  accounted  in  this  church  of  England  a  principal  feast,  or  '  majus 
duplex,'  and  at  all  such  times  as  the  bishops  of  London,  your  predecessors, 
were  wont  to  celebrate  and  sing  high  mass,  now  celebrate  and  execute  the 
communion  at  the  high  altar  in  Paul's,  for  the  better  example  of  all  others ; 
except  sickness  do  let. 

Thirdly,  Ye  shall  yourself,  according  to  your  duty  and  the  office  of  a  bishop, 
call  before  you  all  such  as  do  not  come  unto  and  frequent  the  common  prayer 
and  service  in  the  church,  or  do  not  come  unto  God's  board,  and  receive  the 
communion  at  least  once  a  year ;  or  whosoever  do  frequent  or  go  unto  any 
other  right  or  service  than  is  appointed  by  our  book,  either  of  matins,  even- 
song, or  mass,  in  any  church,  chapel,  or  other  private  places  within  your  dio- 
cese; and  ye  shall  see  all  such  offenders  convented  before  you,  and  punished 
according  unto  the  ecclesiastical  laws,  with  severe  and  straight  pimishment 
therefore.  Likewise  ye  shall  see  one  only  order  used  in  your  diocese,  ac- 
cording to  our  said  book,  and  none  other. 

Fourthly,  Ye  shall,  both  by  yourself  and  all  your  officers  under  you,  search 
out  and  convent  before  you  more  diligently  than  licretofore  ye  have  done  (as 


•730 


REBELLION    IN    CORNWALL    AND    DEVONSHIRE. 


Edward 

yi. 

A.D. 

■  1549. 


Bonner 
com- 
manded

~3,244 words

and  if  there  be  any  that  will  not,  assiu'e  you  the  same  be  rank  traitors,  enemies  lenccs. 
of  our  ci-own,  seditious  people,  heretics,  papists,  or  such  as  care  not  for  what 
cause  they  seek  to  provoke  an  insurrection,  so  they  may  do  it ;  nor  indeed  can 
wax  so  rich  with  their  own  labours,  and  with  peace,  as  they  can  do  with  spoils, 
witli  wars,  with  robberies,  and  such  like;  yea,  with  the  spoil  of  your  own 
goods,  with  the  living  of  your  labours,  the  sweat  of  your  bodies,  the  food  of 
your  own  households,  wives,  and  children.  Such  they  be,  as  for  a  time  use 
pleasant  persuasions  to  you,  and,  in  the  end,  will  cut  your  throats,  for  your 
own  goods. 

You  be  borne  in  hand,  that  your  children,  though  necessity  chance,  shall  not  Baptism. 
be  christened  but  upon  the  holy  days.     How  false  this  is,  learn  you  of  us  :  our 
book  which  we  have  set  forth  by  the  free  consent  of  our  whole  parliament,  i;i 
the  English  tongue,  teacheth  you  the  contrary,  even  in  the  first  leaf,  yea,  the 
first  side  of  the  first  leaf  of  that  part'which  treateth  of  baptism.     Good  subjects  ! 
(for  to  others  we  speak  not)  look  and  be  not  deceived.     They  which  have  put 
this  false  opinion   into  your  ears,  they  mean  not  the  christening  of  children, 
but  the  destruction  of  you  our  christened  subjects.     Be  this  known  unto  you,  pg]j.g 
our  honour  is  so  much,  that  we  may  not  be  found  faulty  of  our  word.     Prove  surmise 
it ;  if  by  our  laws  ye  may  not  christen  your  children,  upon   necessity,  every  'I^.'^^'f 
day  or  hour  in  the  week,  then  might  you  be  offended ;  but,  seeing  you  may  do  touching 
it,  how  can  you  believe  them  which  teach  you  the  contrary  ?     What  think  3'ou  baptism 
they  mean  in  the  rest,  which  move  you  to  break  your  obedience   against  us  '^'^  "  '^  " 
your  king  and  sovereign,  upon  these  so  false  tales  and  persuasions  in  so  evident 
a  matter  I     Therefore  you  all  which  will   acknowledge  us  your  sovereign  lord, 
and  which  will  hear  the  voice  of  us  your  natural  king,  may  easily  perceive  how 
ye  be  deceived,  and  how  subtilely  traitors  and  papists,  with  their  falsehood,  seek 
to  achieve  and  bring  their  purpose  to  pass  with  your  help.     Every  traitor  will 
be  glad  to  dissemble  his  treason,  and  feed  it  secretly  ;  every  papist  his  popery, 
and  nourish  it  inwardly  ;  and,  in  the  end,  make  you,  our  subjects,  partakers  of 
treason  and  popery,  which,  in  the  beginning,  was  pretended  a  commonwealth 
and  holiness.  ^ 

And  how  are  you  seduced  by  them,  which  put  in  your  heads,  That  the  Sacra-     1 
blessed  sacrament  of  Christ's  body  should  not  diifer  from  other  common  bread !  ment. 
If  our  laws,  proclamations  and  statutes,  be  all  to  the  contrary,  why  shall  any 
private  man  persuade  you  against  them  ?    We  do,  ourself  in  our  own  heart,  our 
council  in  all  their  profession,  our  laws  and   statutes  in  all  purposes,  our  good 
subjects   in  all  their  doings,  most  highly  esteem  that  sacrament,  and  use  the 
communion  thereof  to  our  most  comfort.    We  make  so  much  difference  thereof 
from  other  common  bread,  that  we  think  no  profit  of  other  bread,  but  to  main- 
tain our  bodies;  but  of  this  blessed  bread  we  take  the  very  food  of  our  souls  to 
everlasting  life.  How  think  you,  good  subjects !  shall  not  we,  being  your  prince,  xhe  false 
your  lord,  your  king  by  God's  appointment,  with  truth  more  prevail,  than  cer-  surmise, 
tain  evil  persons  with  open   falsehood?     Shall  any  seditious  person  persuade  !u"';„"^ 

11  •!         •!         T'T'i  ^  1  I'l  ine  sacra- 

you,  that  the  sacrament  is  despised,  which  is  by  our  laws,  by  ourselt,  by  our  ment  of 
council,    by  all   our  good  subjects,    esteemed,  used,   participated,  and    daily  the  Lord's 
received?     If  ever  ye  were  seduced,  if  ever  deceived,  if  ever  traitors  were  solved.' 
believed,  if  ever  papists  poisoned  good  subjects,  it  is  now.   It  is  not  the  christen- 
ing of  children,  not  the  reverence  of  the  sacrament,  not  the  health  of  your  souls 
that  they  shoot  at,  good  subjects!     It  is   sedition,  it  is  high  treason,  it  is  your 
destruction  they  seek ;  how  craftily,  how  piteously,  how  cunningly  soever  they 
do  it.     With  one  rule  judge  ye  the  end,  which  of  force  must  come  of  your 
purposes.     Almighty  God  forbiddeth,  upon    pain    of  everlasting    damnation, 
disobedience  to  us  your  king  ;  and  in  his  place  we  rule  in  earth.     If  we  should 
be  slow,  would  God  err?  If  your  offence  be  towards  God,  think  you  it  pardoned 
without  repentance  ?     Is  .  God's  judgment  mutable  ?     Your  pain  is  damnation, 
your  judge  is  incorruptible,  your  faidt  is  most  evident. 

Likewise  are  ye  evil  informed  in  divers  other  articles,  as  for  confirmation  of 


734 


Edward 
VI. 

A.D. 
1549. 

Matins 
and  ser- 
vice in 
English. 


Alteration 
of  service 
from  an 
unknown 
to  a 
known 
tonjrue. 


The 
mass. 


Confirm- 
ation. 

Baptism 

saveth 

witliout 

any 

bishop- 

ing. 


KING    EDWARD  S    MOST    GODLY    ANSWER 

your  children,  for  the  ma.m,  for  the  manner  of  your  service  of  matins  and  even- 
song. Whatsoever  is  therein  ordered,  hath  heen  long  dehated  and  consulted 
hy  many  learned  hishops,  doctors,  and  other  men  of  great  ■  learning  in  this 
realm  concluded :  in  nothing  were  so  much  labour  and  time  spent  of  late 
time,  notliing  so  fully  ended. 

As  for  the  service  in  the  English  tongue,  it  hath  manifest  reasons  for  it.  And 
yet,  perchance,  it  seemeth  to  you  a  new  service,  and  indeed  is  none  other  but  the 
old.  The  selfsame  words  in  English,  which  were  in  Latin,  saving  a  few  things 
taken  out,  so  fond,  that  it  had  been  a  shame  to  have  heard  them  in  English,  as 
all  they  can  judge  which  list  to  report  the  triith.  The  difference  is,  we  meant 
godly,  that  you,  our  subjects,  should  understand  in  English,  being  our  natural 
country  tongue,  that  which  was  heretofore  spoken  in  Latin  ;  then,  serving  only 
for  them  which  understood  Latin,  and  now,  for  all  you  which  be  born  EnglisJi. 
How  can  this  with  reason  offend  any  reasonable  man,  that  he  shall  understand 
what  any  other  saith,  and  so  consent  with  the  speaker?  If  the  service  in  the 
church  was  good  in  Latin,  it  remaineth  good  in  English;  for  nothing  is  altered, 
but  to  speak  with  knowledge,  that  which  was  spoken  with  ignorance,  and  to  let 
j'ou  understand  what  is  said  for  you,  to  the  intent  you  may  further  it  with  your 
own  devotion  :  an  alteration  to  the  better,  except  knowledge  be  worse  than 
ignorance.  So  that  whosoever  hath  moved  you  to  mislike  this  order,  can  give 
you  no  reason,  nor  answer  yours,  if  ye  understood  it. 

Wherefore,  you  our  subjects!  remember,  we  speak  to  you,  being  ordained 
your  prince  and  king  by  Almighty  God :  if  anywise  we  could  advance  God's 
honour  more  than  we  do,  we  would  do  it.  And  see  that  ye  become  subject  to 
God's  ordinances,  obeying  us  your  prince,  and  learn  of  them  Avhich  have 
authority  to  teach  you,  which  have  power  to  rule  you,  and  will  execute  our 
justice  if  we  be  provoked.  Learn  not  of  them  whose  fruits  be  nothing  but 
wilfulness,  disobedience,  obstinacy,  dissimulation,  and  destruction  of  the  realm. 

For  the  mass,  we  assure  you,  no  small  study  nor  travail  hath  been  spent  by 
all  the  learned  clergy  therein ;  and,  to  avoid  all  contention,  it  is  brought  even 
to  the  very  use  as  Christ  left  it,  as  the  apostles  used  it,  as  holy  fathers  delivered 
it :  indeed  somewhat  altered  from  that  the  popes  of  Rome,  for  their  lucre, 
brought  it  to.  And  although  ye  may  hear  the  contrary  of  some  popish  evil 
men,  yet  our  majesty,  which,  for  our  honour,  may  not  be  blemished  or  stained, 
assureth  you,  that  they  deceive  you,  abuse  you,  and  blow  these  opinions  into 
your  head,  to  finish  their  own  purposes. 

And  so,  likewise,  judge  you  of  confirmation  of  children  ;  and  let  them  answer 
you  this  one  question :  Think  they,  that  a  child  christened  is  damned,  because 
it  dicth  before  bishoping  ?  They  be  confirmed  at  the  time  of  discretion,  to 
learn  that  which  they  professed,  in  the  lack  thereof  by  baptism  ;  taught  in  age, 
that  which  they  received  in  infancy  :  and  yet,  no  doubt  but  they  be  saved  by 
baptism,  not  by  confirmation  ;  and  made  Christ's  by  christening,  and  taught  how 
to  continue  by  confirmation.  Wlierefore,  in  the  whole,  mark,  good  subjects !  how 
our  doctrine  is  founded  upon  true  learning,  and  theirs  upon  shameless  errors. 

To  conclude  ;  besides  our  gentle  manner  of  information  to  you,  whatsoever  is 
contained  in  our  book,  either  for  baptism,  sacrament,  mass,  confiniiation,  and 
service  in  the  church,  is  by  our  parliament  established,  by  the  whole  clergy 
agreed,  yea,  by  the  bishops  of  the  realm  devised  ;  and,  fiirther,  by  God's  word 
confirmed.  And  how  dare  ye  trust,  yea,  how  dare  ye  give  ear  without  trembling, 
to  any  singular  person,  to  disallow  a  parliament,  a  subject  to  persuade  against 
our  majesty,  a  man  of  his  singular  arrogancy  against  the  determination  of  the 
bishops  and  all  the  clergy,  any  invented  argument  against  the  word  of  God  ? 

But  now  you,  our  subjects!  we  resort  to  a  greater  matter  of  your  blindness, 
of  your  unkindness  and  great  unnaturalness  ;  and  such  an  evil,  that  if  we  thought 
it  had  not  begun  of  ignorance,  and  continued  b}^  persuasion  of  certain  traitors 
amongst  you,  which  we  think  few  in  number,  but  in  their  doings  busy ;  we 
could  not  be  persuaded  but  to  use  our  sword,  and  do  justice,  and  as  we  be 
ordained  by  God ;  that  is,  to  redress  your  errors  by  avengement.  But  love  and 
zeal  yet  overcome  our  just  anger;  but  how  long  that  will  be,  God  knoweth,  in 
whose  hand  our  heart  is;  and  rather  for  your  own  causes,  being  our  christened 
subjects,  we  would  ye  were  rather  persuaded  than  vanquished,  informed  than 
forced,  taught  than  overthrown,  quietly  pacified  than  rigorously  persecuted. 

Ye  require  to  have  the  statute  of  the  Six  Articles  revived,  and  know  ye  what  ye 


TO    THE    RKllKLS    IN    DEVONSHIUK. 


7Sf5 


require  ?  or  know  ye  wlicit  ease  ye  luave  with  the  loss  of  them  ?     They  were  laws  Edward 
made,  but  quickly  repented ;  too  bloody  they  were  to  be  borne  of  our  people,       '^^■ 
and  yet  at  the  first,  indeed,  made  of  some  necessity.     O  subjects,  how  are  ye     .    .^ 
trapped  by  subtle  persons !     We  of  pity,  because  they  were  bloody,  took  them    ,  ^.q 

away  ;  and  you  now  of  ignorance,  will  ask  them  again.     You  know  full  well,  L 

that  they  helped  us  to  extend  rigour,  and  gave  us  cause  to  draw  oiu'  sword 
very  often  ;  they  were  as  a  whetstone  to  our  sword,  and  for  your  causes  we  left 
to  use  them.  And  since  our  mercy  moved  us  to  write  our  laws  with  milk  and 
equity,  how  be  ye  blinded  to  ask  them  in  blood  ! 

But,  leaving  this  manner  of  reasoning,  and  resorting  to  the  truth  of  our 
authority,  we  let  you  wit,  the  same  hath  been  annulled  by  our  parliament,  with 
great  rejoicing  of  our  subjects,  and  is  not  now  to  be  called  by  subjects  in  ques- 
tion.    Dare  then  any  of  you,  with  the  name  of  a  subject,  stand  against  an  act 
of  parliament,  a  law  of  the  whole  realm  ?     What  is  our  power,  if  laws  should 
be  thus  neglected  ?     Yea,   what  is  your  surety,  if  laws  be  not  kept  ?     Assure 
yourselves  most  surely,  that  we,  of  no  earthly  thing  under  the  heaven,   make 
such  a  reputation,  as  we  do  of  this  one  thing  :  to  have  our  law  obeyed,  and  this 
cause  of  God,  which  we  have   taken  in  hand,  to  be  thoroughly  maintained : 
from  the  which  we  will  never  remove  a  hair's  breadth,  nor  give  place  to  any  Notable 
creature  living,  much  less  to  any  subject ;  but  therein  will  spend  our  own  royal  zeal  and 
person,  our  crown,  treasure,  realm,  and  all  our  state ;  whereof  we  assure  you  of  ^vo"(j"of^^ 
our  high  honour.     For  herein  indeed  resteth  our  honour,  herein  standeth  our  king, 
kingdom,  herein  do  all  kings  acknowledge  us  a  king.     And  shall  any  of  you 
dare  breathe  or  think  against  our  honour,  our  kingdom,  or  crown  ? 

In  the  end  of  this  your  request  (as  we   be  given  to  understand)  ye  would  The 
have  them  stand  in  force  until  our  full  age.    To  this,  we  think,  if  ye  knew  what  king's 
ye  spake,  ye  would  never  have  uttered  that  motion,  nor  ever  have  given  breath  ^°^' 
to  sucli  a  thought.     For  what  think  you  of  our  kingdom  ?     Be  we  of  less 
authority  for  our  age  ?     Be  we  not  your  king  now,  as  we  shall  be  ?  or  shall  ye 
be  subjects  hereafter,  and  now  are  ye  not?     Have  not  we  the  right  we  shall 
have  ?     If  we  would  suspend  and  hang  our  doings  in  doubt  until  our  full  age, 
ye  must  first  know,  that  as  a  king,  we  have  no  difference  of  years  or  lime,  but 
as  a  natural  man  and  creature  of  God,  we  have  youth,  and,  by  his  sufferance, 
shall  have  age.     We  are  your  rightful  king,  your  liege  lord,  your  king  anointed,  A  king 
your  king  crowned,  the  sovereign  king  of  England,  not  by  our  age,  but  by  God's  I'osses- 
ordinance;  not  only  when  we  shall  be  of  twenty-one  years,  but  when  we  are  of  ^rown  not 
ten  years.     We  possess  our  crown,  not  by  years,  but  by  the  blood  and  descent  hy  years, 
from  our  father  king  Henry  the  Eighth.     You  are  our  subjects,  because  we  be  p^*^,?/ 
your  king ;  and  rule  we  will,  because  God  hath  willed.      It  is  as  great  a  fault  dinance. 
in  us  not  to  rule,  as  in  a  subject  not  to  obey. 

If  it  be  considered,  they  which  move  this  matter,  if  they  durst  utter  them- 
selves, would  deny  our  kingdom.  But  our  good  subjects  know  their  prince,  and 
will  increase,  not  diminish  his  honour;  enlarge,  not  abate  his  power;  acknow- 
ledge, not  defer  his  kingdom  to  certain  years.  All  is  one,  to  speak  against  our 
crown,  and  to  deny  our  kingdom,  as  to  require  that  our  laws  may  be  broken 
unto  twenty-one  years.  Be  we  not  your  crowned,  anointed,  and  established 
king?  Wherein,  then,  be  we  of  less  majesty,  of  less  authority,  or  less  state, 
than  were  our  progenitors,  kings  of  this  realm,  except  your  unkindness,  your 
imnaturalness,  will  diminish  our  estimation  ?  We  have  hitherto,  since  the  death 
of  our  father,  by  the  good  advice  and  counsel  of  our  dear  and  entirely  beloved 
uncle,  kept  our  state,  maintained  our  realm,  preserved  our  honour,  defended 
our  people  from  our  enemies ;  we  have  hitherto  been  feared  and  dreaded  of  our 
enemies,  yea,  of  pi-inces,  kings,  and  nations;  yea,  herein  we  be  nothing  inferior 
to  any  our  progenitors  (which  grace  we  acknowledge  to  be  given  us  from  God), 
and  how  else,  but  by  good  obedience  of  our  people,  good  counsel  of  our  magi- 
strates, due  execution  of  our  laws?  By  authority  of  our  kingdom,  England 
hitherto  hath  gained  honour ;  during  our  reign,  it  hath  won  of  the  enemy, 
and  not  lost. 

It  hath  been  marvelled,  that  we,  of  so  young  years,  have  reigned  so  nobly.  Youth 
so  royally,  so  quietly.      And  how  chanceth  it  that  you  our  subjects  of  that  our  hinders 
country  of  Devonshire,  will  give  the  first  occasion  to  slander  this  our  realm  of  ""'.V^^ 
England,  to  give  courage  to  the  enemy,  to  note  our  realm  of  the  evil  of  rebel-  govern- 
lion  ?  to  make  it  a  prey  to  our  old  enemies  ?  to  diminisli  our  honour,  which  ™^"*' 


•736  SEDITIOUS    HUMOURS    CIRCULATED    BY    POPISH    PRIESTS. 

Edward   God  hath  given,  our  father  loft,  our  good  uncle  and  coiuicil  preserved  unto  us  ? 

^^-      What  greater  evil  could  ye  commit,  than  even  now,  when  our  foreign  enemy 

.    p.      in  Scotland,  and  upon  the  sea,  seeketh  to  invade  us,  to  rise  in  this  manner 

ir'in'     against  our  hxw  !  to  provoke  so  justly  our  wrath,  to  ask  our  vengeance,  and  to 

!_  give  us  occasion  to  spend  that  force  upon  you,  which  we  meant  to  bestow  upon 

our  enemies  ?  to  begin  to  slay  you  with  tliat  sword  which  we  drew  against  the 
Scots  and  other  enemies  ?  to  make  a  conquest  of  our  own  people,  which  other- 
wise should  have  been  of  the  whole  realm  of  Scotland  ? 

Thus  far,  ye  see,  we  have  descended  from  our  high  majesty  for  love,  to  con- 
sider you  in  your  base  and  simple  ignorance,  and  have  been  content  to  send 
you  an  instruction  like  a  fatherly  prince,  who,  of  justice,  might  have  sent  you 
your  destruction  like  a  king  to  rebels.  And  now  we  let  you  know,  that  as  ye 
see  our  mercy  abundant,  so,  if  ye  provoke  us  further,  we  swear  to  you  by  the 
living  God,  by  whom  we  I'eign,  ye  shall  feel  the  power  of  the  same  God  in  our 
sword,  which  how  mighty  it  is,  no  subject  knoweth  ;  how  puissant  it  is,  no 
private  man  can  judge  ;  how  mortal  it  is,  no  English  heart  dare  think.  But 
surely,  surely,  as  your  lord  and  prince,  your  only  king  and  master,  we  say  to 
you.  Repent  yourselves,  and  take  our  mercy  witliout  delay ;  or  else,  we  will 
forthwith  extend  our  princely  power,  and  execute  our  sharp  sword  against  you, 
as  against  very  infidels  and  Turks,  and  rather  adventure  our  own  royal  person, 
state,  and  power,  than  the  same  shall  not  be  executed. 

And,  if  ye  will  prove  the  example  of  our  mercy,  learn  of  certain  which  lately 
did  arise,  pretending  some  griefs,  and  yet,  acknowledging  their  offences,  have 
not  only  received  most  humbly  their  pardon,  but  feel  also,  by  our  order,  to 
whom  all  public  order  only  pertaineth,  redress  devised  for  their  griefs.  In  the 
end  we  admonish  you  of  your  duties  to  God,  whom  ye  shall  answer  in  the  day 
of  the  Lord ;  and  of  your  duties  towards  us,  whom  ye  shall  answer  by  oiu' 
order ;  and  take  oiu-  mercy  whilst  God  so  inclineth  us  ;  lest,  when  ye  shlall  be 
constrained  to  ask,  we  shall  be  too  much  hardened  in  our  heart  to  grant  it  you ; 
and  whereas  ye  shall  now  hear  of  mercy — mercy  and  life  ! — ye  shall  then  hear 
of  justice — justice  and  death ! 

Given  at  Richmond,  the  eighth  day  of  July,  the  third  year  of  our  reign. 

Besides  the  articles  of  these  Devonshire  men  above  mentioned, 

the  said  rebels  sent  up  also,  not  long  after,  a  supplication  to  the 

king,  whcrcunto  answer  again  was  made  by  the  king's  learned  council, 

which  here,  to  make  short,  leisure  servcth  not  to  rehearse. 

False  Over  and  besides,  to  behold  the  malicious  working  of  those  popish 

5,y"i',"pish  priests,  to  kindle  more  the  spark  of  sedition  in  the  people"'s  hearts, 

stirred  u   "^^^'^t,  bruits  and  rumours  did  they  raise  up  against  the  king  and  his 

afjainst     couucil,  making  the  vulgar  multitude  to  believe,  that  they  should  be 

made  to  pay,  first  for  then*  sliecp,  then  for  then*  geese  and  pigs  also, 

and  other  like  things;  and  whatsoever  they  had  in  store,  or  should 

put  in  their  mouths,  they  must  fine  thcrc-for  to  the  king  !   of  all 

which  matter  never  a  word  was  either  thought  or  meant.     But  this 

seemed  matter  fit  for  such  priests,  whereby  to  set  the  prince  and  his 

subjects  together  by  the  ears. 

Sir  joiin       Against  this  seditious  company  of  rebels,  was  appointed  and  sent 

by  the  king  and  his  council,  sir  .Tohn  Russell,  knight,  lord  privy  seal, 

as  lieutenant  general  of  the  king''s  army,  on  whom  chiefly  dc]")cndcd 

the  charge  and  achievance  of  that  voyage  in  the  Avcst  parts.     To  him 

also  Avere  adjoined,  as  in  part  of  ordinary  council  in   those  affairs 

under  him,  sir  William  Herbert,  sir  Johan  Pawlet,  sir  Hugh  Pawlet, 

sir  Thomas  Speck,  with  the  lord  Gray,  and  others  beside. 

Thus  the  said  lord  privy  seal,  accompanied  with  the  lord  Gray, 
advancing  his  jiower  against  the  rebels,  although  in  number  of  soldiers 
not  equally  furnished  like  to  the  others,  yet,  through  the  gracious 


the  king. 


Russell. 


Mlj'SSF.I.BOROUGII    FIELD    IN    SCOTLAXD.  737 

assistance  of  the  Lord''s  help,  fighting  in  his  cause,  and  giving  the   Edward 
adventure  against  tlie  enemy,  about  the  latter  end  of  July,  a.d.  1/)49,      '^' 
gave  them  the  repulse  ;  who,  notMithstanding,  recovering  themselves    A.  D, 
again  with  such  stomachs  as  they  had,  encountered  the  second  time    ^''^^^- 
with  the  aforesaid  lord  privy  seal,  about  the  beginning  of  August  tI'c 
following,  by  whom,  through  the  Lord's  mighty  power,  they,  with  tUsram- 
their  whole  cause  of  false  religion,  were  utterly  vanquished,  and  quite  ^'""^" 
overthrown. 

In  that  victory  a  great  work  of  God's  mighty  power  undoubtedly  f'^'eat 
did  appear;  for,  although  the  number  of  the  rebels  did  surmount,  in  oif;od" 
great  quantity,  the  power  and  strength  of  the  lord  privy  seal,  and  vkti'.ry 
their  stomachs  were  so  fiercely  set  upon  all  desperate  adventures ;  fsainst 
and  though  the  power  of  sir  William  Herbert  (being  the  same  time 
at  Bristol)  was  not  yet  presently  come,  which  should  have  joined 
with  the  lord  privy  seal ;  yet,  all  this  notwithstanding,  the  goodness 
of  the  Lord  so  wrought  on  the  king"'s  behalf,  more  than  any  industry 
of  man  (which  in  all  respects  in  handling  that  matter  was  very  raw, 
and  far  behind)  that  the  victory  fell  to  the  king's  part,  under  the  LaudaWe 
valiant  guiding  of  the  aforesaid  lord  privy  seal ;   so  that  the  popish  tiiriord"*^ 
rebels  not  only  lost  the  field,  but  a  great  part  of  them  also  lost  their  ''"^.y 
lives,  lying  there  slain  miserably  in  the  chase,  to  the  compass  of  two 
miles'  space.    Where  also  were  taken  and  apprehended  the  cliieftains 
and  ringleaders  of  that  mischievous  dance,  Avhereof  the  principal  were 
Humfrey  Arundel,  Berry,  Thomas  Underhil,  John  Soleman,  William 
Segar ;  Tempson  and  Barret  two  priests  ;   Henry  Bray  and  Henry 
Lee,  two  mayors  ;  with  divers  others  more  above  specified ;  all  who, 
accordingly,  afterwards  were  executed.' 

These  rebels,  to  make  their  part  more  sure  by  the  help  and  pre-  False 
sence  of  their  consecrated  god  and  maker,  brought  with  them,  into  l\^J^\)l[ 
the  battle,  the  pix  under  his  canopy ;  and  instead  of  an  altar,  where  vonshire 
he  was  hanging  before,  set  him  now  riding  in  a  cart.     Neither  were  their  po- 
there  lacking  masses,  crosses,  banners,  candlesticks,  with  holy  bread  disap-*^"'* 
also,  and  holy  water  plenty,  to  defend  them  from  devils,  and  all  adver-  pointed, 
sary  power ;  who,  in  the  end,  neither  could  help  their  friends,  nor  yet  crament 
coidd  save  themselves  from  the  hands  of  their  enemies,  but,  eftsoons,  b"„ugh^''^ 
both  the  consecrated  god,  and  all  the  trumpery  about  him,  were  taken  to  the 
in  the  cart,  and  there  lay  all  in  the  dust,  leaving  to  them  a  notable  a  cart, 
lesson  of  bitter  experience,  how  to  put  their  confidence  hereafter 
in  no  such  vain  idols,  but  only  in  the  true  living  God  and  immortal 
Maker,  to  be  served  according  to  his  prescribed  word  ;  and  that  only 
in  the  faith  of  his  Son,  and  not  after  their  own  dreaming  fantasies. 

The  story  whereof  putteth  me  also  in  remembrance  of  another  Mussei- 
like  popish  field  called  Musselborough  field,  fought  in  Scotland  the  f,e[d"in 
year  before  this,   where  the   Scots  likewise   encamping    themselves  ^'^""^nd-. 
against  the  lord  protector,  and  the  king''s  power  sent  into  Scotland, 
did,  in  semblable  wise,  bring  with  them  to  the  battle,  the  consecrated 
gods  of  their  altars,  with  masses,  crosses,  banners,  and  all  their  popish 
stuff  of  idolatry  ;  having  great  affiance,  by  virtue  thereof,  to  have  a 
great  day  against  the  English  army,  as  indeed,  in  man's  judgment,  it 

(1)  In  a  work  entitled  '  All  suche  Proclamacions,  as  have  been  sette  furthe  by  the  Kynges 
Maiestie,'  &c.,  [Lond.  1550.  8vo.  Printed  by  Richard  Grafton,]  is  the  Proclamation  for  the  punish- 
ment of  these  rebels. — Ed. 

VOL,  V.  3    B 


738 


REBELLION    IN    NORFOLK. 


Edward  might  seem  not  unlike.     For  tlie  number  of  tlie

Cut continues beyond the first 4,000 words shown here — about -756 more in the scan at the link above.